The implementation of weather modification by Royal Rainmaking
technology in the United Republic of Tanzania ( Planning 2007 )
Overview
The climatology and topography of lower central Tanzania, westward around Morogoro, Udsungwa, Iringa, Mafinga, Usangu flats, Chimala, and Mbeya, is very well considered to be suitable for rain making operation intended, by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania, for Usangu catchment territory as the main target. The entire place shares the same world’s tropical weathers. Besides, the advantage is that the territory is situated in the in-land vicinity of the Indian Ocean which provides influential seasonal humid wind with further favorable factor, for weather modification aimed for rain enhancement, of high and low plains with mountainous ridges and peaks that lie east to south-westward which of those are some rain forests. ( Part of this strategies could also possibly represent some reasonable guidance for the demonstration stage of the Royal Rainmaking Technology in 2008. )
Objectives
The secret of success is “Work”, and to work it right out with appropriate strategy and suitability for local climate conditions, as well as capability, in order to achieve best result. All the works must also be carried out in economical manners, saving more energy, to make the outcomes to be most cost effective and clean. During initial years the Thai experts would also work along with the Tanzanian personnel in order to reassure that the Royal Rainmaking technology and techniques are theoretically and practically applied efficiently, accurately, and effectively. This can as well be an additional important part of the on-job training for both sides to perhaps learn more of new things.
Strategies
According to topography of all the territories and its surrounding regions from Rufiji River Basin on the east up to Usangu on the west, the fact is, it can be noticed that from Morogoro, shortly to its south, where the mountain ridges which lies south-westward toward Mbeya, also lies the Uluguru peak of 2,646 meters. Then between Morogoro and Iringa is the location of 2576 meters Lubombero peak in Udzungwa national park. Continue further south-westward, on this same long mountain ridges, lies another three high peaks of 2458 meters Mbogo, Rungwe 2960 meters, and 2521 meters summit near a small high-land village of Lisitu
*** Now in a big picture it can be remarkably seen that Usangu rain catchments is in what is called the rain shadow area as its location is to the northwest of these high plains and mountain ridges of its water-shed where most of the prevailing wind with ocean humidity is from the southeast. More and most of natural rain would normally form up over and rain on the windward side of these mountains, except in the heavy months of the rainy season. Therefore, with the Royal Rainmaking technology, applying in different techniques, it is very possible to induce and enhance more rain to be as well targeted over dry Usangu flats and areas nearby and further around as well as most of its surrounding mountainous watersheds and most tributary-rivers.***
*** According to local hydrology, these water sources can be divided into two main regions of which:
* The first one is the water-sheds, originally from the high mountains around Mbeya; Chimala; Mafinga, of the Usangu flats – wetlands and upper Great Ruaha as well as the Lesser Ruaha rivers that feed the Mtera dam.
* The second one would be the water-sheds, originally from the mountains east of Iringa and the Udsungwa peaks, of the Lukosi and the lower Great Ruaha rivers that feed the Kidatu dam. ***
Therefore, in this case, three strategies can be thought of :
Firstly, when the prevailing humid ocean wind is averagely between the northeast and/or down to the south, then Usangu water-catchment can be the main aim for rain enhancement to feed the upper Greater Ruaha. Providing that the overall conditions for rain making mission is most suitable, according to weather data obtained, and that the watersheds and the soils there need more water along with future weather forecast of less natural rain, then:
The seeding operations would normally be approximately around Mafinga aiming at surrounding mountainous ridges and westward mountains where there’s a possible presence of good natural soaring rain clouds. The targets are all mountainous watersheds and tributary rivers, the Lesser Ruaha River, the Western and Eastern wetlands of Usangu flats and the swamp that feed the upper Great Ruaha River
Secondly, in the dryer months of lower relative humidity which is when the operation near Mafinga aiming for Usangu is not really favorable, to save overhead costs, then with different strategy the seedings could be turned to also or solely aim at the more naturally wetter Udzungwa mountains to feed the lower Ruaha river, as well as all the important watershed-tributaries of Lukosi river on the west, to directly keep the Kidatu dam well alive as well as the Rufiji River Basin itself. This way even when the Mtera dam runs low the Kidatu would still get extra water from its own lower sources.
Operational base
Iringa as the operational base is more than perfect for all these seeding operations for various targets.
This same place is also a suitable location for future weather radar station which is recommended as important equipment for the effectiveness of the weather modification missions as well as evaluation, records, statistics, and weather forecasting. Iringa is also best, as being situated approximately in the central of nearby all intended water catchment targets, where the Auto Tracking Rawinsonde balloon for obtaining upper air data should be launched. This would give average weather data information which can be used to represent most of the territory. Besides, this small airport itself sits at 4,600 feet ABV MSL with some even higher up-land mountains around.
*** Alternatively, whenever the real dryness of air mass hit the above territories hardly, then the whole operation of weather modification could be move to Mbeya. The areas around Mbeya with its higher peaks of mountainous ridges and good forests then it is possible to squeeze and gather the remaining humid air over these big mountains by ways of on top orographic cloud triggering to make this air mass formed up and further developed as rain clouds. The operational base can also be moved to Mbeya to save the flying operation overhead costs. In fact with the elevation of Mbeya airfield at 5,600 feet ABV MSL, it yields even more advantage for flying operation. Time of climbing of aircrafts for triggering seedings, fattening, and attacking would be a lot shorter and can be even more précised with the result. The total flight time itself would be a lot less as the operational target is in close proximity to the landing strip.
This is actually the third strategy, to use Mbeya as operational base in which the rain catchment target is again the same water-sheds of the upper Great Ruaha and the Lesser Ruaha rivers.
Methodology
Warm cloud seedings would be firstly the main aim for the operations.
With the morning launch of the Auto Tracking Rawinsonde balloon result shows good K index, the moisture and instability level, as well as good lifted index, it means the condition is generally favorable for rain making operation. Other upper air weather data also obtained are Relative Humidity at different altitudes, Lifted Convective Level, Convective Condensation Level, wind direction and velocity of local topography and climatology, and many other factors which are used as important guidance in deciding of what, when, where, and how the operation would be. APOB or airplane observation also plays important role especially, the PIREP the pilots report. Data from local meteorological station at each airfield as well gives additional important information.
According to the Royal Rainmaking technology of theory and technique, plan to use the first step seeding – triggering , of hygroscopic exothermic substance of F1 to create CCN, at certain selected suitable estimated altitude above high terrain and beyond on the upwind side of the mountains. Then, after a short while, apply the second step known as fattening of different stronger exothermic substances of F6 or F8 in the atmosphere nearby down the wind, in relation to the first step, according to its direction and velocity. Third step can be on top of or near mountain ridges using both hygroscopic exothermic of F1 at higher altitude as well as endothermic substances of F4 at lower altitude to make the existing clouds develop even more as heavy rain clouds. Fourth step would be on the downwind side of the mountains, using endothermic agents of F3 or F19 or F4 as well as in a mixture with F1, to attack the clouds quick at the right time to pull and sink the cloud base closer to target and finally bring down the dew point temperature to now make those intense rain clouds to yield rain over the intended targets.
Over the mountainous territory whenever the existing weather appearances are of orographic clouds or a kind of butter-milk formation type then by the use of F6, F8, and F4 can also trigger as well as fatten those clouds to develop itself vertically. Follow up with F1 and F4 at top and above the base of the same clouds would finally make it become intense rain clouds that can be attacked with F3 or F19 to pull it to rain over the water-sheds mountains.
( F1 = Sodium Chloride, F3 = Frozen Carbon Dioxide, F4 = Urea,
F6 = Calcium Chloride, F8 = Calcium Oxide, F19 = Ammonium Nitrate )
Operational Map
The map shows, on the upper right the town of Morogoro , next near the center the town of Iringa
and down to the lower left the town of Mbeya.
* Red Ovals = Encircle high mountain peaks and ridges.
* Black Ovals = Encircle mountainous ridges and various
water-sheds ( Larger oval = Water-sheds of Usangu flats wetlands and the
Lesser Ruaha River, Smaller oval
= Watersheds of Lukosi River and lower Great Ruaha
River
* Blue Arrows = Point to major rivers, wetlands.
* White Arrows = Point to various important towns.
* Black Lines = Representing possible up wind seedings
of Triggering, two more black lines for Fattenings, and Attacking as shown in
white cloud-symbols.
When the warm cloud operation is accurate, efficient, and précised, then cold cloud operation using Silver Iodide flare to work with the warm cloud operations as in the Super Sandwich technique can possibly, if needed, be planned along for even more effectiveness.
The different flying techniques can be used, for example, the flying-seeding technique during dry adiabatic temperature lapse rate inversion.
Written, Planned, Architected, and Illustrated by
M.L.Chititewan Devakul, September 2007
For More Information on Royal Rainmaking please click:
Executive Summary 1955 - 2007
Rain for Africa: The Investigative Journey
Rain Making History
For More Information on Royal Rainmaking please click:
Executive Summary 1955 - 2007
Rain for Africa: The Investigative Journey
Rain Making History
